Apparatus for manufacture of water gas



Sgpt. 1 5,- 1925. 1,554,073

P. DVORKOVITZ APPARATUS FOR-MANUFACTURE OF WATER as Filed Au 30. 1924 DVdfi/(OV/ 72 [6/3 Afrarney:

Patented Sept 15, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL DVORKOVITZ, OF NORTH KENSINGTON, LONDON, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OF WATER'GAS.

Application filed August 30, 1924. Serial No. 735,121.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL DVORKOVITZ, a

Russian subject, residing at North Kensing-- ton, in the county of London, England,

have invented new and useful Apparatus for Manufacture of Water Gas, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for use in the manufacture of water gas in which coke, coal, or other carbonaceous matter,'in a finely divided condition is sub jected to the action of heat in the presence of highly superheated steam alone or steam with the addition of hydrogen or oxygen,

separately or combined,'which is obtained by heat applied by passing steam through passages'lieated by hot gases passing from a. chamber, or vessel, in which the coal, coke,

.or other carbonaceous matter under treatment is maintained at a temperature suflicient to cause the steam or the steam and gas mixture which passes through thesaid passages, to become highly superheated. The superheated steam or the steam and gas mixture enters the upperpart of the said chamber, or vessel, and there meets with the. finely divided coke, coal, or other carbonaceous matter, which passes downward with the steam or steam and gas mixture, produoing water gas which passes off to any suitable receptacle, or place of utilization.

According to my invention the'chamber, or vessel, through which the finely divided coke, coal, or other carbonaceous matter, and the steam or steam and gas mixture pass downwards is provided with a deflector, or deflectors (hereinafter referred to as a deflector) against which the finely divided carbonaceous matter is projected by a suitably shaped hopper. so that the said carbonaceous matter is .dispersed. The deflector is so situated, or arranged, that the superheated steam alone or with the addition ofhydrogen or oxygen separately or combined,

able subjected to preliminary heating to remove moisture, and other volatile matter, before the said matter is admitted tofithe aforesaid chamber, or vessel, to meet the superheated steam alone or steam and hy-- drogen and oxygen mixture which/is ad mitted at, or near, the top of the said cham ber', or vessel, the steam or steam'and gas mixture having been submitted to a temperature, usually from 1,000 to 1, lOOiQCentigrade, (but which may be from ,350 to.

1,200 Cent gr de), which it"has derived from the incandescent matter inthe aforesaid chamber, or vessel.

At such temperatures the oxygen hasgreat oxidizing effect on the powdered carbonaceous matter and, the said matter being in excess of the oxygen monoxide gas is, produced.

. The aforesaid chamber,-or vessel, may be divided into two vertical parts in the. first of which, by means of a blower for instance, carbonaceous matter is heated to incandescence the hot gases then passing through the second part of the said chamber, or vessel, and thence, if so desired, into a preheater. lVhen the requisite heat is attained the blowing will be stopped and steam or steam present, carbon and gas mixture be admitted so that it takes up the heat obtained as aforesaid from the incandescent fuel and 1s superheated and passes into the a-foresald vessel where it 'meets the finelydivided fuel and water gas is produced. I

.I will describe, with reference to the ac companying drawing, an apparatus and mode of operation which will explain how myinvention can be carried into effect, em-

ploying steam as a source of the oxygen and hydrogen, but I do not limit myself to the precise details hereinafter explained with reference to this drawing. f In the said drawing I have shown the apparatusfin Figure 1 invertical section, and

1n Figure 2-in horizontal section. v

- The vessel A 1S divided into two vertlca-l chambers by the wall B, the first chamber (C) constituting the generator and the sec ond chamber (1)) containing checker-work or other arrangement of refractory material and constituting a superheater. The generator C is rovided, at, or near, its lower end with firears a and a-valve-controlled air inlet a and, at or near the top, with a hopper 0& (also valve-controlled) through which the finely divided carbonaceous matter employed passes, it impinging upon a deflector a. Towards the lower part of thegenerator' C is a valve-controlled passage a for "the outlet of the produced water gas and towards the upper part of the wall B, opposite the deflector a? is a passage 6, through which the highly superheated steam resulting from the heating of the steam-in the superheater D passes into the said generator. Near to, or adjoining,tlie superheater D, is a preheater E at, or near to, the upper part of which steam alone or steam with the addition of hydrogen or oxygen gas separately or combined is admitted through a pipe 0, the said preheater containing checkerwork, or other arrangement of refractory material in contact with which the steam or steam and gas mixture passes on its wayto the superheater through the pipe 6 constituting a communicating passage between the lower parts of the preheater and superheater. The preheater E, is provided with a hinged top, or cover, 6 capable of being opened by any suitable means, such for example, as a counterweighted chain a the weight being such that the cover will return to its closed position when the chain is released.

The operation is as follows :Carbo'naceous matter having been delivered, through the hopper a or otherwise, onto the bars a,

the valve of the water-gas outlet a is closed and the hinged cover a of the preheater E is opened. Air is then forced, by any suitable means, through the, inlet a? into the generator C until the. said carbonaceous.

matter is heated to incandescence, the hot gases passing through the passage 79 into the superheater D, and thence "through the pipe 6 into the preheater E. Vhen the requisite heat is attained the blowing in of air will be discontinued, the valve controlling the water-gas outlet a will be opened and the cover 6 of the preheater E will be closed. Steam or steam and gas mixture is then admitted through the pipe e into the preheater E from which the said steam or ered suitable for use in the manufacture, al-

though the said apparatus is also capable of treating carbonaceous matter generally, such, for instance, as coal of various kinds, or coke, obtained from distillation of coal, but including carbonaceous matter which is unsuited for use in the usual way of manw' facturing water gas. For instance the apparatus can be employed in the production that which remains after coal, or other car bonaceous matter, has been treated in accordance w1th the, process described and -of water gas by treating soft coke such as Q claimed in my co-pending application for Patent Ser. No. 594,865 filed October 16, 1922. I

WVhat I claim is Down-run apparatus for the manufactur of water gas from carbonaceous matter in a finely divided condition; having a generator chamber and a superheater chamber associated therewith, said generator chamher having an inlet from the superheater chamber in the upper part of its-wall, and a deflector in the generator chamber on the upper part of its wall opposite the inlet and adapted to cause simultaneous deflection of steam or steam and gas mixture from the inlet and the carbonaceous matter, and means adapted to project said carbonaceous matter on to said deflector.

- In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

PAUL DVORKOVITZ, 

